Biology Glossary for 11-16 Yr Olds (Chad Evans)

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D

DNA

1) deoxyribonucleic acid - A double helic, containing ....

2) A long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic information

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A

allele

1) One of a number of alternative forms of a gene. Commonly only two alternative forms exist for a gene.
(Adapted from Edexcel GCSE SCience and Data Resource Book, UG005206)

2) Either of a pair (or series) of alternative forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus on a particular chromosome and that control the same character

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antibody

1 Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response

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asexual reproduction

1 Reproduction without the fusion of gametes

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C

cancer

1 Any malignant growth or tumour caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream

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cell

1) The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals

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characteristic

1) A distinguishing quality

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chromosome

1) A thread-like structure, made of protein, containing a number of genes aligned along its length.
(Adapted from Edexcel GCSE SCience and Data Resource Book, UG005206)

2) A thread like body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order

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clone

1) An identical individual (oxy-moron)

2) A group of genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a single cell or individual by some kind of asexual reproduction

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cystic fibrosis

1) The most common congenital disease; the child's lungs and intestines and pancreas become clogged with thick mucus; caused by defect in a single gene; there is no cure

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