Learning materials for this module

1. Focus for this tutorial

In this tutorial we explore:

• breaking down arguments.
• looking for logical fallacies.
• identifying assumptions.
• considering counterarguments.
• evaluating the evidence.

2. Break down

Break down the argument into its component parts.

 A good way to start analyzing an argument is to break it down into its individual components: the premises (statements that support the argument) and the conclusion (the statement that the argument is trying to prove). By identifying these elements, you can better understand the logic of the argument and determine if the conclusion follows logically from the premises.

3. Logical fallacies

Look for logical fallacies.

Logical fallacies are common errors in reasoning that can undermine an argument. Some common fallacies include ad hominem attacks (attacking the person making the argument instead of the argument itself), appeal to authority (relying on an expert opinion without sufficient evidence), and straw man arguments (misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack).

4. Identify assumptions

Identify assumptions.

 Assumptions are statements that are taken for granted in an argument. By identifying these assumptions, you can determine if they are reasonable and if they support the conclusion of the argument. If the assumptions are questionable, the argument may be weaker than it initially appears.

5. Counterarguments

Consider counterarguments.

A strong argument is one that can withstand scrutiny and counterarguments. To analyze an argument, you should consider possible objections to the argument and evaluate how the argument responds to these objections. This can help you determine the strength of the argument and identify any weaknesses that need to be addressed.

6. Evidence

Evaluate the evidence.

 Arguments are often supported by evidence, such as statistics, research studies, or expert testimony. To analyze an argument, you should evaluate the quality and relevance of the evidence presented. Is the evidence reliable? Is it based on sound research? Is it relevant to the argument being made? By considering these questions, you can determine if the evidence supports the argument and if the argument is convincing.